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Measuring Culture Outside the Head: A Meta-Analysis of Individualism–Collectivism in Cultural Products
Beth Morling*
and
Marika Lamoreaux
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: morling{at}udel.edu.
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Abstract |
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Although cultural psychology is the study of how sociocultural environments and psychological processes coconstruct each other, the field has traditionally emphasized measures of the psychological over the sociocultural. Here, the authors call attention to a growing trend of measuring the sociocultural environment. They present a quantitative review of studies that measure cultural differences in "cultural products": tangible, public representations of culture such as advertising or popular texts. They found that cultural products that come from Western cultures (mostly the United States) are more individualistic, and less collectivistic, than cultural products that come from collectivistic cultures (including Korea, Japan, China, and Mexico). The effect sizes for cultural products were larger than self-report effect sizes for this dimension (reported in Oyserman, Coon, & Kemmelmeier, 2002). In addition to presenting this evidence, the authors highlight the importance of studying the dynamic relationships between sociocultural environments and psyches.
First published on June 10, 2008, doi:10.1177/1088868308318260
Personality and Social Psychology Review 2008;12:199.
A more recent version of this article appeared on August 1, 2008
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