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Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, 157-173 (2000)
DOI: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_04

Ingroup Bias and Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis

Christopher L. Aberson

Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College

Michael Healy

Victoria Romero

Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University

A meta-analysis examined the relation between self-esteem and ingroup bias. The project focused on effects of ingroup bias strategy and measurement of self-esteem. Results indicated that high-self-esteem individuals exhibited more ingroup bias than did low-self-esteem individuals. Bias strategy and self-esteem measurement moderated this relation. When using "direct" ingroup bias strategies, high-self-esteem individuals showed more bias than did low-self-esteem individuals. When using "indirect" strategies, groups exhibited comparable amounts of bias. Results were comparable for collective and personal self-esteem measures. Examination of specific collective measures indicated that self-esteem defined by the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992) did not predict differences in ingroup bias, whereas group identification measures did predict differences in ingroup bias. Results are interpreted as indicating that both high and low-self-esteem individuals exhibit ingroup bias; however, expression of ingroup bias by individuals with low self-esteem is constrained by situational factors. Furthermore, individual-level factors such as personal self-esteem may be useful in predicting collective enhancement.


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 International Journal of Behavioral DevelopmentHome page
Y. Teichman, D. Bar-Tal, and Y. Abdolrazeq
Intergroup biases in conflict: Reexamination with Arab pre-adolescents and adolescents
International Journal of Behavioral Development, September 1, 2007; 31(5): 423 - 432.
[Abstract] [PDF]