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Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, 280-306 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1088868308319225

Toward a Unifying Model of Identification With Groups: Integrating Theoretical Perspectives

Sonia Roccas

The Open University of Israel, Raanana, soniaro{at}openu.ac.il

Lilach Sagiv

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Shalom Schwartz

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Nir Halevy

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Roy Eidelson

Eidelson Consulting, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania

Building on the contributions of diverse theoretical approaches, the authors present a multidimensional model of group identification. Integrating conceptions from the social identity perspective with those from research on individualism—collectivism, nationalism— patriotism, and identification with organizations, we propose four conceptually distinct modes of identification: importance (how much I view the group as part of who I am), commitment (how much I want to benefit the group), superiority (how much I view my group as superior to other groups), and deference (how much I honor, revere, and submit to the group's norms, symbols, and leaders). We present an instrument for assessing the four modes of identification and review initial empirical findings that validate the proposed model and show its utility in understanding antecedents and consequences of identification.

Key Words: group processes • self • identity • social identity


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