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The Meaning Maintenance Model: On the Coherence of Social Motivations
Steven J. Heine
Travis Proulx
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
Kathleen D. Vohs
Department of Marketing and Logistics Management, University of Minnesota
The meaning maintenance model (MMM) proposes that people have a needfor meaning; that is, a need to perceive events through a prism of mental representations of expected relations that organizes their perceptions of the world. When people's sense of meaning is threatened, they reaffirm alternative representations as a way to regain meaning-a process termedfluid compensation. According to the model, people can reaffirm meaning in domains that are differentfrom the domain in which the threat occurred. Evidenceforfluid compensation can be observed following a variety of psychological threats, including most especially threats to the self, such as self-esteem threats, feelings of uncertainty, interpersonal rejection, and mortality salience. People respond to these diverse threats in highly similar ways, which suggests that a range of psychological motivations are expressions of a singular impulse to generate and maintain a sense of meaning.
Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol. 10, No. 2,
88-110 (2006)
DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_1
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